Reading - Sixth Grade
Content Standard: 1.0
The student will develop the reading and listening skills necessary for word recognition, comprehension, interpretation, analysis, evaluation, and appreciation of print and non-print text.
Learning Expectations:
- 1.01 Continue to develop oral language and listening skills.
- 1.02 Develop an understanding of the concepts of print.
- 1.03 Expand reading skills through phonemic awareness.
- 1.04 Use decoding strategies to read unfamiliar words.
- 1.05 Read to develop fluency, expression, accuracy, and confidence.
- 1.06 Expand reading vocabulary.
- 1.07 Employ pre-reading strategies to facilitate comprehension.
- 1.08 Use active comprehension strategies to derive meaning while reading and to check for understanding after reading.
- 1.09 Refine study skills and develop methods of research to enhance learning.
- 1.10 Develop skills to facilitate reading in the content areas.
- 1.11 Read independently for a variety of purposes.
- 1.12 Experience and explore the elements of various literary and media genres.
- 1.13 Develop and sustain a motivation for reading.
Accomplishments:
- 6.1.01 Continue to develop oral language and listening skills.
- Model active listening in both formal and informal settings.
- Know and use rules for conversations.
- Continue to formulate and respond to questions from teachers and classmates.
- Organize and share information, stories, experiences, ideas, and feelings with others in both formal and informal situations.
- Participate in creative responses to text (e.g., dramatizations, speeches).
- Deliver an oral presentation or recitation that conveys a clear point, using information from any content area and utilizing visual aids for contextual support.
- Introduce the importance of using correct stress, pitch, and juncture in oral reading and presenting.
- Continue to interpret and use a variety of non-verbal communication techniques to enhance meaning (e.g., posture, gestures, facial expressions, tone of voice, eye contact).
- 6.1.02 Develop an understanding of the concepts of print.
- Continue to use parts of text effectively for learning (e.g., title page, preface, table of contents, glossary, appendix, index).
- Continue to demonstrate knowledge of the structure and organization of various text features to locate information (e.g., headings, key words, graphics, pictures, captions, sidebars).
- Continue to recognize that print format varies according to purpose and genre (e.g., prose, poetry, newspaper/magazine, letters, dramas, technical manuals, textbooks).
- 6.1.03 Expand reading skills through phonemic awareness.
- Continue to develop an awareness of the sounds of language through repeated exposure to a variety of auditory experiences (e.g., poems, music lyrics, books on tape, read alouds).
- Identify patterns of rhyme and rhythm.
- Respond to and analyze the effects of sound in language (e.g., alliteration, onomatopoeia, rhythm, accent, rhyme).
- 6.1.04 Use decoding strategies to read unfamiliar words.
- Use knowledge of root words, prefixes, suffixes, and syllabication to decode unfamiliar words.
- Use context clues to determine unknown words and to discriminate between multiple meaning words.
- Decode unknown grade level words utilizing previously learned strategies to verify the word's meaning within the context of the selection.
- 6.1.05 Read to develop fluency, expression, accuracy, and confidence.
- Demonstrate the ability to read fluently with expression, accuracy, and with poise from a variety of texts (e.g. paired reading, choral reading, read alongs, and readers' theater).
- Participate in guided reading.
- Read using appropriate pronunciation, expression, and rate.
- Adjust speed based on the purpose for reading.
- Read independently on a daily basis.
- 6.1.06 Expand reading vocabulary.
- Build vocabulary by listening to literature, participating in class discussions, and reading self-selected and/or assigned texts.
- Build vocabulary by reading from a wide variety of print and non-print texts and literary genres.
- Increase knowledge of roots, prefixes, and suffixes to infer word meanings.
- Determine the meaning of unfamiliar words using context clues, dictionaries, electronic sources, glossaries, and other resources.
- Replace unknown words with appropriate synonyms and/or antonyms to determine word meaning.
- Continue to use appropriate synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, and multiple meaning words in reading, writing, and speaking.
- Continue to foster word consciousness (e.g., word play, word walls, graphic organizers, nuances of words, new and unusual words to share).
- Explore mnemonic devices (e.g. rhyming words, vocabulary cartoons, kinesthetic) to acquire new vocabulary.
- Continue to determine the correct meaning/usage of multiple meaning words.
- Use the correct word to complete an analogy.
- Recognize widely used foreign words (e.g., bon jour; hasta la vista).
- 6.1.07 Employ pre-reading strategies to facilitate comprehension.
- Continue to establish a purpose for reading (e.g., to understand, to interpret, to enjoy, to solve problems, to answer specific questions, to identify information/facts, to discover models of writing).
- Utilize personal experiences to build background knowledge for reading.
- Use previously learned strategies to front load text (e.g., skimming and scanning).
- Preview text, using supports (e.g., illustrations/pictures, captions, graphs, diagrams, headings, subheadings, and footnotes).
- Identify the importance and the significance of the reading selections to learning and life.
- Explore significant words to be encountered in the text.
- Make predictions about text.
- Relate text to prior personal experiences or opinions as well as previously read print and non-print texts.
- 6.1.08 Use active comprehension strategies to derive meaning while reading and to check for understanding after reading
- Derive meaning while reading by
- continuing to formulate clarifying questions while reading.
- predicting outcomes, state reasonable generalizations, and draw conclusions from the reading selection based on prior knowledge and information.
- using metacognitive and self-monitoring strategies while reading (e.g. pausing, rereading, recognizing miscues, consulting other sources, reading ahead, asking for help).
- engaging in reading between the lines (i.e. stating implied information).
- continuing to create mental pictures from abstract information.
- continuing to relate text to prior personal experiences or opinions as well as previously read print and non-print texts.
- continuing to make inferences.
- verifying or modifying prereading purpose as addition information is obtained.
- exploring ways to interact with text (e.g., mark the text, use post-it notes, ask questions and make comments within the text).
- Derive meaning after reading by
- indicating the sequence of events.
- recognizing and stating the main idea/central element in a given reading selection noting details that support the main idea/central element.
- identifying the author's purpose.
- discussing similarities and differences in events and characters using evidence cited from the text or various texts.
- finding contextual support for responses to questions, for assistance in formulating ideas and opinions, and for supporting personal responses (i.e. grounding students in the text).
- determining cause and effect relationships.
- determining whether a given statement is a fact or an opinion.
- identifying and interpreting figurative language (idioms, similes, metaphors, hyperboles, personification, imagery, puns).
- demonstrating an understanding of stated and implied themes and recognizing that themes recur throughout literature.
- reflecting upon comprehension strategies used to make meaning from texts.
- making connections among various print (e.g. other stories) and non-print texts (e.g., movies, photographs, artwork).
- making connections among the various literary genres and themes with personal, historical, and cultural experiences.
- 6.1.09 Refine study skills and develop methods of research to enhance learning.
- Use and discern appropriate reference sources in various formats (e.g., encyclopedias, card/electronic catalogs, almanacs, periodicals, Internet).
- Recognize media (e.g., on-line catalog, non-fiction books, encyclopedias, CD-ROM, references, Internet) as resources for viewing, reading, and representing information.
- Use current technology (e.g., the Internet, CD-ROMs, online catalogs) as a research communication tool.
- Understand a variety of reference sources (biographical sketches, letters, diaries, encyclopedia, periodicals, procedural manuals).
- Distinguish between primary and secondary source documents.
- Continue to use the dictionary, glossary, thesaurus, and other word-referenced materials to eliminate word problems.
- Use skimming and scanning skills.
- Retrieve, organize, and represent information to demonstrate effectively knowledge acquired.
- Develop notes that include important concepts, summaries, and identification of reference sources.
- Identify various forms of media and consider their impact on daily life.
- Demonstrate knowledge of propaganda techniques (i.e. bandwagon, loaded words, testimonials).
- Use a variety of materials to prepare a research paper that includes a title page and list of sources.
- 6.1.10 Develop skills to facilitate reading in the content areas.
- Develop and maintain vocabulary specific to content areas and to current events.
- Locate information using available text features (e.g., tables of content, maps, timelines, charts, graphics, indexes, glossaries, and footnotes).
- Continue to apply comprehension skills and strategies to informational text in the content areas.
- Continue to use self-correction strategies while reading (pausing, rereading, consulting other sources, asking for help).
- Interact with the text (e.g., mark the text, use post-it notes, ask questions and make comments within the text).
- Analyze the reliability of sources by examining the authors' backgrounds.
- 6.1. 11 Read independently for a variety of purposes.
- Read for literary experience.
- Read to gain information.
- Read to perform a task.
- Read for enjoyment.
- Read to expand vocabulary.
- Read to build fluency.
- 6.1.12 Experience and explore the elements of various literary and media genres.
- Read, view, and recognize various literary (e.g., short stories, novels, plays, legends, poetry, autobiographies/biographies, non-fiction of high interest) and media (e.g. music, films, videos, documentaries, the arts, photographs) genres.
- Recognize the elements of each literary and media genre.
- Identify the theme and determine if theme is stated or implied.
- Recognize that certain themes recur and be familiar with commonly recurring themes.
- Identify the plot element of exposition (i.e. introduction of characters, setting, and conflict) in print and non-print text.
- Explore the author's development of characters/characterization (e.g., through words, speeches, actions, thoughts, narrator's comments, interactions with other characters, motivations).
- Identify the characteristics of stereotypical and realistic characters.
- Explore how an author creates mood to set a tone.
- Compare and contrast the elements of plot between or among stories.
- Determine the narrator's/author's point of view (i.e. first person or third person).
- Summarize and paraphrase selected passages for discussion and/or written assignments or presentations.
- Demonstrate knowledge of similes, metaphors, personification, imagery, and symbolism.
- Explore deductive reasoning to facilitate and to extend understanding of texts.
- Explore the concepts of foreshadowing and flashback.
- 6.1.13 Develop and sustain a motivation for reading.
- Visit libraries/media centers, book fairs, bookstores, and other print rich environments to explore books.
- Use personal criteria to select reading material (personal interest, knowledge of authors, text difficulty, text genres, recommendation of others).
- Read daily from self-selected materials.
- Relate literary experiences (book discussions, literary circles, writing, oral presentations, artistic expressions).
- Experience and develop an awareness of literature that reflects a diverse society.
- Maintain a personal reading list/or reading log/journal to reflect reading gains and accomplishments.
- Engage in reading as a leisure time activity.
Benchmarks/Indicators
Performance Indicators: State
As documented through state assessment -
At Level 1, the student is able to
- 6.1.spi.1. use knowledge of root words, affixes, syllabication and/or spelling patterns as aids in determining meaning within context.
- 6.1.spi.2. determine whether a given statement within a passage is fact or fiction.
- 6.1.spi.3. indicate sequence of events in print and non-print texts.
- 6.1.spi.4. predict future events of a passage.
- 6.1.spi 5. select appropriate synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms within context.
- 6.1.spi 6. use context clues, dictionaries, thesauruses, electronic sources, and glossaries as aids in determining the meanings of unfamiliar words.
- 6.1.spi..7. select questions to clarify thinking.
- 6.1.spi. 8 . use common text features to make meaning from text (i.e., newspapers and textbooks).
- 6.1.spi. 9. evaluate text for fact and opinion.
At Level 2, the student is able to
- 6.1.spi.10. recognize and use grade appropriate and/or content specific vocabulary within context.
- 6.1.spi.11. locate information using available text features.
- 6.1.spi.12. recognize that purpose determines text format.
- 6.1.spi.13. analyze the effects of sound in context (i.e., onomatopoeia, alliteration, accent, rhyme, and repetition).
- 6.1.spi.14. choose the correct meaning of multiple meaning words in context.
- 6.1.spi.15. locate and verify information to support opinions, predictions, and conclusions.
- 6.1.spi.16. identify stated or implied cause and effect relationships.
- 6.1.spi.17. draw inferences from selected texts.
- 6.1.spi.18. analyze the use of similes, metaphors, personification, and hyperbole within context.
- 6.1.spi.19. select sources from which to gather information on a given topic and determine their reliability.
- 6.1.spi.20. distinguish among various literary genres (e.g., poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction).
- 6.1.spi.21. determine the main ideas of a plot, their causes, how they influence future actions, and how they are resolved.
- 6.1.spi.22. recognize the first person point of view in literature.
- 6.1.spi 23. select an appropriate summary statement and determine whether the theme is stated or implied.
At Level 3, the student is able to
- 6.1.spi.24. specify a logical word choice to complete an analogy using synonyms, antonyms, categories, subcategories, whole/part, and functions.
- 6.1.spi.25. identify patterns of rhyme and rhythm.
- 6.1.spi.26. determine the author's purpose for writing a selection (i.e., to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to share emotions).
- 6.1.spi.27. recognize common propaganda techniques (i.e. bandwagon, loaded words, and testimonials).
Performance Indicators: Teacher
As documented through teacher observation -
At Level 1, the student is able to
- 6.1.tpi.1. read orally, using appropriate expression, pronunciation and rate.
- 6.1.tpi.2. use self-correction (metacognitive) strategies while reading (e.g., rereading, reading ahead, identifying miscues).
- 6.1.tpi.3. recognize and read fluently from various literary genres (e.g., poetry, drama, novels, short stories, fantasies, and legends).
- 6.1.tpi.4. summarize orally what has been learned or read.
- 6.1.tpi.5. demonstrate active listening in both formal and informal settings, while modeling accepted conversational conventions.
- 6.1.tpi.6. use learned strategies to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
- 6.1.tpi.7. set a purpose for reading.
- 6.1.tpi.8. make creative responses to texts.
At Level 2, the student is able to
- 6.1.tpi.9. preview text and organize prior knowledge (e.g., webbing, mapping, listing).
- 6.1.tpi.10. express personal reactions to a text and/or relate the selection to personal experience.
- 6.1.tpi.11. design and deliver an oral presentation using props or visual aids and incorporating several sources, including other content areas.
- 6.1.tpi.12. show similarities and differences in literary elements among texts.
- 6.1.tpi.13. make connections between two or more literary texts.
- 6.1.tpi.14. make inferences and recognize unstated assumptions.
- 6.1.tpi.15. read daily and independently from self-selected materials.
- 6.1.tpi.16. interact with text(s) (e.g., ask questions, make comments, and use post-it notes).
- 6.1.tpi.17. apply comprehension strategies to texts in the content areas.
- 6.1.tpi.18. build vocabulary by reading a wide variety of texts and genres.
- 6.1.tpi.19. recognize, create, and discuss the techniques of propaganda (e.g., bandwagon, loaded words, testimonials).
- 6.1.tpi.20. read fluently basic grade appropriate selections.
- 6.1.tpi.21. explore statements in context and give support for determination as fact or opinion.
- 6.1.tpi.22. use metacognition and self-monitoring strategies while reading (e.g., pausing, rereading, identifying miscues, consulting other sources, and reading ahead).
At Level 3, the student is able to
- 6.1.tpi.23. identify how culture, ethnicity, and historical eras are represented in literary texts.
- 6.1.tpi.24. relate texts to prior personal and historical experiences, as well as to previously read print and non-print media.
- 6.1.tpi.25. use media and current technology as a research and communication tool to view, read, and represent information.
- 6.1.tpi.26. develop vocabulary by reading from a wide variety of texts and literary genres.
- 6.1.tpi.27. use content specific vocabulary.